Artificial intelligence and machine learning are becoming common in research and everyday life, raising concerns about how these algorithms work and the predictions they make. For example, when Apple released its credit card over the summer, there were claims that women were given a lower credit limit than otherwise identical men were. In response, Sen. Elizabeth Warren warned that women "might have been discriminated against, on an unknown algorithm." On its face, her statement appears to contradict the way algorithms work. Algorithms are logical mathematical functions and processes, so how can they discriminate against a person or a certain demographic?